It seems that perfectionism patterns are variable in associated mental disorders. Regarding this connection, Bernert ( 26) reported high level of perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among patients with eating disorders. In its abnormal form, perfectionism is closely associated with eating disorders ( 16- 20) and obsessive-compulsive disorder ( 21- 25). Therefore, the two categories of eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder had the highest comorbidity ( 5, 13, 14) inflexible pervasive perfectionism is a common feature of both of them ( 15, 16). These valuable ideas about weight and food serve as obsession that comes with ritual behavior that are normally observed in anorexia nervosa, and may have some overlaps with OCD.
#Positive intrusive thoughts ocd manual
However, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th, text revised (DSM-IV-TR) has identified clear valuable ideas about thinness as a diagnostic feature of this disorder ( 3). Both reported high rates of disordered eating behaviors and attitudes as evidenced by increased scores on both the Eating Disorders Inventory and the eating attitudes test ( 11, 12). Two studies examined the presence of eating difficulties in individuals with OCD. Studies that have compared rates of OCD in AN and BN have usually found higher comorbidity in AN ( 9, 10). Moreover, researchers ( 7, 8) have reported that approximately 25% to 69% of patients with AN will develop some characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder. ( 6) administered the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) to 19 patients with AN and showed that their mean Y-BOCS score was 22, similar to the score reported for patients with OCD. However, at the time these studies were conducted, the distinction between obsessive-compulsive traits and OCD had not been established, hence they tended to include traits (such as perfectionism) as well as behaviors such as obsessions and compulsions as evidence of “obsessive-compulsive difficulties”. Early descriptive studies suggested that 50% to 100% of patients with AN showed obsessive or compulsive features ( 5). The possibility of a relationship between OCD and AN was first suggested by Palmer and Jones ( 5). In the earliest descriptions about eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been described as part of these disorders ( 4). Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions defined by abnormal eating features that include bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) that are characterized by preoccupation with food and body weight ( 3). At the clinical level, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Positive perfectionism consists of organization, planfulness, striving for excellence and high standards for others aspects, whereas negative perfectionism consists of the need for approval, concern over mistakes, parental pressure and rumination. In this approach, perfectionism is comparable in the context of the previous adaptive (positive) and maladaptive (negative) aspects of perfectionism and makes a clearer distinction between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. ( 2) identified eight dimensions of perfectionism, which are as follows, concern over mistakes, high standards for others, need for approval, organization, parental pressure, planfulness, rumination, and striving for excellence. Based on the evidences, there are different definitions of the construct of perfectionism.
Perfectionism is typically defined as the setting of excessively high performance standards accompanied by over critical self-evaluations ( 1). Fear of failure may motivate the behavioral components of perfectionism that aim to focus on careful checking, reassurance seeking and excessive consideration before making a decision.Ĭompulsive Behavior Eating Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1.
The greater association of perfectionism with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive is consistent with its phenomenological feature.
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